By systematically considering these categories and identifying potential errors early in the development process, you can implement appropriate error handling mechanisms to mitigate their impact and improve the overall reliability of your software.
Input Validation Errors: These occur when the user provides invalid or unexpected input. Examples include:
Missing required fields
Incorrect data formats (e.g., providing text instead of a number)
Input out of range (e.g., selecting a date in the past for a future event)
Authorization and Authentication Errors: These occur when users are not authorized to perform certain actions or when authentication fails. Examples include:
Accessing a resource without the necessary permissions
Providing incorrect credentials during login
Session timeouts or expired authentication tokens
Business Logic Errors: These occur when there are inconsistencies or errors in the application’s business logic. Examples include:
Performing calculations incorrectly
Misinterpreting business rules or requirements
Inconsistent data state due to concurrency issues
Runtime Errors: These occur during the execution of the program and are often unexpected. Examples include:
Division by zero
Null pointer dereference
Memory allocation failures
Resource Errors: These occur when the application fails to acquire or manage external resources properly. Examples include:
Database connection failures
File I/O errors (e.g., file not found, permission denied)
Network communication errors (e.g., connection timeout, server unreachable)
Concurrency and Race Conditions: These occur when multiple threads or processes access shared resources concurrently, leading to unpredictable behavior. Examples include:
Data corruption due to simultaneous writes
Deadlocks or livelocks
Inconsistent state due to race conditions
System Errors: These occur due to issues with the underlying operating system or hardware. Examples include:
Disk full errors
System resource exhaustion (e.g., out of memory)
Hardware failures (e.g., disk drive failure)
Integration Errors: These occur when interacting with external systems, services, or APIs. Examples include:
Invalid response from a third-party API
Service unavailable errors
Changes in the external system’s behavior or API contract
By systematically considering these categories and identifying potential errors early in the development process, you can implement appropriate error handling mechanisms to mitigate their impact and improve the overall reliability of your software.
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